Pulsatile GnRH

Men Syndromes

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes

•MEN 2A→ Mutation of germline RET ( neural crest cells)

King Leo

Lionel Messi on the TIME cover magazine, he is the best!
Source: Google

B-Cells

Q: Facial angiofibroma

Patient has facial angiofibroma, ash-leaf spots of skin depigmentation, hx of seizures, and mental retardation.

What condition does this patient have?

What neoplasms is this patient at risk of developing?

Q: Encapsulated bacteria

Encapsulated bacteria

Mnemonic:
Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules

Poorly Gram Stained

What organisms do not take gram stain?

Cranial Nerves

Sensitive:  I, II, VIII
Motor: III, IV, VI, XI, XII
Mixed: V, VII, IX, X
Corticobulbar: V, VII, X, XI, XII

• All CN nuclei receive double innervation (from both sides of cortex) → a lesion of tracts innervating CN nuclei won't result in any physical manifestation except CN VII (Nucleus has Upper & lower divisions) & some individuals CN XII (mainly contralateral bulbar innervatoin)

Aminoaciduria

Aminoaciduria
FANCONI SYNDROME	HARTNUP DISEASE
Generalized aminoaciduria Including: ARGININE, PROLINE, HYDROXYPROLINE	Only neutral AA in urine NO: Arginine, Proline, Hydroxyproline
	Alanine, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan, Histidine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine
Proximal Renal Tubular: ·         Acidosis (loss of bicarbonate in Urine) ·         Aminoaciduria ·         Phosphaturia ·         Glucosuria	·         Aminoaciduria ·         Renal & Intestinal Tryptophan absorption defect ·         Pelagra like + ATAXIA + Photosensibilidad               (Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia)

Q: Cystic Tumor

Cystic Tumor in the Cerebellum of a child:

Most likely: