Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Erythroblastosis Fetalis due to maternal–fetal Rh incompatibility. (Pathogenesis)

Immunization of an Rh-negative mother with Rh-positive erythrocytes in the first pregnancy leads to formation of anti-Rh antibodies of the immunoglobulin (Ig) G type. These antibodies cross the placenta and damage the Rh-positive fetus in subsequent pregnancies.

Cocci

Gram + Rods

Gram - Rods & Spirochetes

Poorly Gram Staining

DNA Viruses

RNA Viruses

Cholinomimetics

Some Cholinergic agonists and their functions

Neostigmine → Myasthenia Gravis, PO & neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, Reversal of NM junction blockage

Pyridostigmine → Myasthenia Gravis (long acting)

Edrophonium → Myasthenia Gravis Diagnosis (extremely short acting)

Physostigmine → Glaucoma (crosses BBB), and atropine overdose

Echothiopate → Glaucoma

Galantamine/ Donepezil / Rivastigmine/ Tacrine → Alzheimer's

Organophosphates

Triple repeat diseases

What are the triple repeat diseases?

 

¡Huntington’s → (CAG)

¡Fragile X →(CGG)

¡Myotonic Dystrophy → (CTG)

¡Prader Willi

¡Spinal/bulbar muscular atrophy (Friedreich’s ataxia) → (GAA)

Commonly associated with ANTICIPATION

ELISA (Direct & Indirect)

B-Cells

Immunodeficiencies

Viruses

Marfan's Syndrome

CATCH 22 Deletion 22q11 syndrome

DiGeorge Sd

Cleft Palate

Abnormal facies

Thymic Aplasia

Cardiac Defect

Hipocalcemia (Parathyroid Aplasia sec)

22 (Microdeletion at 22q11)

DiGeorge Sd

Microbiology and Immunology On-line

Microbiology and Immunology On-line