Respiratory

AIRWAY EXTRATHORACIC (Lips to Glotis) INTRATHORACIC (Glotis tothe alveoli)

Breath IN Narrows Expands

Breath OUT Expands Narrows

•Stridor: narrowing in extrathoracic airway (when breath in - INSPIRATION)
Ex: small, jaw, macroglossia (hypothyroidism, Down Sd., storage Dzz), large tonsils, large tonsils, laryngeal webs, laryngeal warts, peritonsil abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, epiglotitis, crup, diphteria.. DO A NECK FILM
•Wheeze: narrowing in intrathoracic airway (when you breath out - EXPIRATION)
It will expected on Obstructive lung dzz ( Asthmatics )  DO A CXR
Never it's a good thing to find wheezing on inspiration → (Bronchospasm, or mass) → sign of more distress pt probably needs to be in ICU
•Rhonchi: air moving over mucus (Obstructive, Productive cough)
•Crackles: collapsed airways “popping”open (All restrictive will have it) (obstructives later on)
–Surfactant is missing
–Alveoli have been scarred down

*DRUGS THAT CAUSE CRACKLES (Pulmonary Fibrosis)BBAT Busulfan, Bleomycin, Amiodarone, Tocainide
* Which patient will more likely have crackles Strep pneumonia or pneumocystis
  Bacteria → obstructive (airway)→       Fungus → restrictive (interstitium)
-Strep. pneumonia:bacteria, affects airway, obstrucvitve dzz, ronchi (air moving over mucus)
-Pneumocystis Jirovecchi (fungus), affects intertitium, restrictive dzz, crackles