Cryoglubulinemia

Disorder	Vasculitis	Epidemiology/Etiology	Clinical/Laboratory Findings
Cryoglobulinemia	Small vessel vasculitis involving skin, GI tract, renal vessels	Adults Association with HCV, type I MPGN	Cryoglobulins: immunoglobulins that gel at cold temperatures Palpable purpura, acral cyanosis of nose and ears and Raynaud's phenomenon (reverses when in warm room)

Serum Sickness

Disorder	Vasculitis	Epidemiology/Etiology	Clinical/Laboratory Findings
Serum sickness	Small vessel vasculitis involving immunocomplex deposition in skin vessels	Children and adults Complication of treatment of rattlesnake envenomation with horse-or sheep-based antivenin	Fever, urticaria with vasculitis, arthralgia, GI pain with melena

Infectious Vasculitis

Disorder	Vasculitis	Epidemiology/Etiology	Clinical/Laboratory Findings
Infectious vasculitis	Small vessel vasculitis involving skin vessels	Children and adults Involves all microbial pathogens	Rocky Mountain spotted fever: tick transmission of Rickettsia rickettsiae; organisms invade endothelial cells; petechiae on palms spread to trunk Disseminated meningococcemia due to Neisseria meningitidis Capillary thrombosis produces hemorrhage into skin and confluent ecchymoses

Vascular tumors and tumor-like conditions

Tumor/Condition	Clinical Findings
Angiomyolipoma	Kidney hamartoma composed of blood vessels, muscle, and mature adipose tissue Association with tuberous sclerosis
Angiosarcoma	Liver angiosarcoma associated with exposure to polyvinyl chloride, arsenic, thorium dioxide
Bacillary angiomatosis	Benign capillary proliferation involving skin and visceral organs in AIDS patients Simulates Kaposi sarcoma in AIDS Caused by Bartonella henselae, a gram-negative bacillus
Capillary hemangioma	Facial lesion in newborns that regresses with age
Cavernous hemangioma	Most common benign tumor of liver and spleen May rupture if large
Cystic hygroma	Lymphangioma in the neck associated with Turner's syndrome
Glomus tumor	Derive from arteriovenous shunts in glomus bodies Painful red subungual nodule in a digit
Hereditary telangiectasia (AD)	Dilated vessels on skin and mucous membranes in mouth and gastrointestinal tract Chronic iron deficiency anemia
Kaposi sarcoma	Malignant tumor arising from endothelial cells or primitive mesenchymal cells Associated with human herpesvirus type 8 Raised, red-purple discoloration that progresses from a flat lesion to a plaque to a nodule that ulcerates Common sites include skin, mouth, and gastrointestinal tract
Lymphangiosarcoma	Malignancy of lymphatic vessels Arises out of longstanding chronic lymphedema after modified radical mastectomy
Pyogenic granuloma	Vascular, red pedunculated mass that ulcerates and bleeds easily Post-traumatic or associated with pregnancy (relation to estrogen); usually regress postpartum
Spider telangiectasia	Arteriovenous fistula (disappears when compressed) Associated with hyperestrinism (e.g., cirrhosis, pregnancy)
Sturge-Weber syndrome (AD)	Nevus flammeus ("birthmark") on face in distribution of ophthalmic branch of cranial nerve V (trigeminal) Ipsilateral malformation of pia mater vessels overlying occipital and parietal lobes (leptomeningeal angiomatosis, AV malformation)
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (AD)	Cavernous hemangiomas in cerebellum and retina Increased incidence of pheochromocytoma and bilateral renal cell carcinomas

Source: Goljan

Collagen

Ionization and Clearence

Cocci

Gram + Rods

Gram - Rods & Spirochetes

Poorly Gram Staining